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Providing biopsychosocial care in a therapeutic community for those who need it most.

The Hidden Toll: PTSD and the Cost of Delayed Care

Every day, first responders put their lives at risk. Crime scenes, burning buildings, vehicle collisions, and other traumatic events are part of the job. Whether the trauma comes from a single event or repeated exposure, it can lead to serious psychological harm along with a cascade of physical, neurological, and behavioral health challenges.

Unaddressed trauma can result in substance use, disrupted sleep, high blood pressure, heart disease, digestive issues, sexual dysfunction, and severe anxiety or depression. PTSD can impair memory and thinking, weaken relationships, and reduce quality of life. On a biological level, trauma lowers immune function, alters the body’s response to inflammation, and increases the risk for infections, autoimmune disorders, and other chronic illnesses. In short, the psychological impact of trauma often becomes a full-body medical condition that affects every area of health and daily functioning.

Firefighters, police officers, sheriffs, and emergency medical personnel may carry this burden each time they report for duty.

Complex PTSD is both common and serious within the first responder community. It can undermine a sense of purpose, strain family relationships, and erode the individual’s very identity. One of the most startling facts is that more first responders die by suicide than from physical injuries sustained on the job. These invisible injuries are devastating.

Treating PTSD can be especially difficult in the workers’ compensation system. Few providers are adequately trained to recognize or manage the complex effects of trauma. When care is delayed, PTSD often does not appear alone. It may overlap with chronic pain, brain injury that has gone undiagnosed, and substance use. These conditions often occur alongside depression, anxiety, poor sleep, and withdrawal from social life. Together, they lead to physical and emotional decline, increased disability, and long-term dependence on the medical system.

When these issues are treated separately by different providers, medical costs rise and recovery stalls. Fragmented treatment fails to address the whole patient picture, resulting in minimal or no progress.

PTSD claims may be denied, delayed for review, or assigned to in-network providers who lack experience with trauma in first responders. The system’s structure and strict rules often slow down recovery. Some injured workers wait weeks or months for an appointment, only to discover that the provider does not accept workers’ compensation cases. Even the most well-meaning professionals may not fully understand first responder culture, the nature of their risks, or the urgent need to act quickly when trauma occurs.

These system breakdowns are not the fault of any one person. They reflect deeper issues, such as poor coordination, misaligned priorities, and a lack of treatment models suited for complex situations. Eventually, injured workers feel overwhelmed and seek legal help as a last resort. This adds more time, expense, and complexity.

And yet, this is also where opportunity lives. By identifying the real sources of cost and inefficiency, the system can be improved. Some forward-thinking agencies are already making progress by adopting more innovative and comprehensive approaches.

One crucial but often overlooked step is for stakeholders to visit treatment programs in person. While billing data and records provide helpful information, they cannot substitute for seeing the program with your own eyes. Claims professionals, risk managers, and referral coordinators should take the time to speak directly with clinical teams, visit the treatment environment, and hear from patients themselves. Although trauma cases make up a small percentage of overall claims, they are responsible for a large share of long-term costs. Choosing providers with the right expertise and integrity is not just good management, it is the right thing to do.

The good news is that proven treatments are available. When PTSD is addressed through a comprehensive approach that blends physical, psychological, and social care, the results can be powerful. Programs that combine brain function assessments, behavior-focused care, physical rehabilitation, trauma therapy, nutritional and lifestyle support, and social reintegration within a strong care community have shown excellent outcomes, even in the most severe cases.

First responders who complete these programs often describe the feeling of getting their lives back. They restore relationships, regain a sense of mission, and return to work with new strength. These are not theoretical benefits; they are tangible, measurable, and repeatable.

This is the kind of result we should all strive for.

When care is delivered early, effectively, and by providers who truly understand trauma, the entire system benefits. Communities are safer and better served. Employers save on costs and reduce turnover. And most importantly, injured workers recover, rebuild, and return to lives filled with purpose.

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Tomer Anbar CEO feature

Dr. Tomer Anbar

CEO
Dr. Tomer Anbar is the founder and CEO of Institutes of Health, specializing in advanced, evidence-based treatment of chronic pain, complex PTSI, and brain injuries. He developed Scripps Health’s Functional Restoration Program and launched the Mind/Body Health Initiative. A national advisor on improving clinical outcomes in workers’ comp, he has held leadership roles with the American Pain Society and the WHO’s neuroscience research center in Mexico City.
Gabriel Dawson bio

Dr. Gabriel Dawson

SVP Systems
Analytics and Compliance
Dr. Gabe Dawson is Senior V.P. of Systems, Analytics and Compliance at Institutes of Health, where he also oversees the IOH Academy, Research and Special Projects. Prior to entering healthcare, he served in the 82nd Airborne division as a paratrooper in the 325th AIR and served in Desert Shield/Storm. Dr. Dawson has competed as an Olympic weightlifter, power-lifter, and bodybuilder, as well as coaching Olympic athletes. On a very personal level, he is heavily vested in calling attention to the plight of first-responders injured in the line of duty.
Chef Denise Roa

Chef Denise Roa

Director, Clinical Nutrition Services
Institutes of Health
Denise Roa leads the culinary culture at Institutes of Health (IOH), focusing on lifestyle medicine, clinical nutrition, and farm-to-table concepts. Her work integrates healthy eating patterns with chronic condition management and health promotion. Before IOH, she was the Executive Chef at Rancho La Puerta Health & Fitness Resort, overseeing kitchens, menus, food production, and the Cooking School. Denise started her career at Johnson & Wales University's culinary arts program and worked at top San Diego restaurants, including her own, La Trattoria. Her recipes have been featured in major publications and media outlets, showcasing her expertise and passion for healthy eating.

Pack Your Summer Picnic Basket With Purpose!

Summer is the season of sunshine, good food, spending time outdoors, and feeling your best.
Did you know? Your picnic basket can do more than feed you at fun summer outings—it can help you fight inflammation and boost your energy, too. When temperatures rise, our bodies benefit from staying hydrated and eating antioxidant-rich foods that help reduce inflammation and support recovery. Whether you’re managing chronic conditions, recovering from injury, or simply living your best life, here’s what to pack in your perfect anti-inflammatory summer picnic basket:

Chicken Salpicon

(Salpicon de Pollo)

Summer is a season for sunshine, movement, and mindful nourishment. As the temperatures climb, our bodies crave hydration, lighter meals, and nutrient-dense foods that help us feel energized and balanced. In this issue, we’re spotlighting a hand-picked selection of summer produce—like juicy watermelon, crisp cucumbers, and vibrant berries—that do more than taste good. They help calm inflammation, support recovery, and keep you feeling your best through the hottest months.

Explore our feature article, Pack Your Summer Picnic Basket With Purpose, for ideas on what to pack into your meals (or your actual picnic basket!) this season. Eating well never felt so refreshing—and we’ve got a new delicious summer recipe you won’t want to miss: Chicken Salpicon.

Please consult your doctor if you have food allergies or other health-related concerns regarding your diet.

Did you know?

Science has proven that chronic, low-grade inflammation can turn into a silent killer that contributes to cardiovas­cular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and other conditions. The culinary team at IOH provides simple tips to patients to fight inflammation, reduce chronic pain, and stay healthy. Click the link below to review more delicious, healthy & easy recipes for everyday life.

An integral component of IOH’s intensive biopsychosocial transdisciplinary programs is focused on nutrition. Chronic conditions are associated with changes in the microbiome, gut-brain, and HPA axis that increase systemic inflammation and negatively impact health and recovery. Education on clinical nutrition combined with an anti-inflammatory diet supports healthy neuroimmune function and lessens the effects of chronic pain. Patients learn how to shop for, prepare, and cook nutritious anti-inflammatory meals that help them feel better and restore function. They learn sustainable practices that promote self-management and improve their confidence in their ability to recover and maintain long-term wellness.

At Institutes of Health, our clinicians are at the heart of everything we do, bringing expertise, compassion, and dedication to patient care every day. In this new section, Meet Our Clinicians, we invite you to get to know the incredible professionals behind our transdisciplinary biopsychosocial approach. Through a short series of Qs and As, you will learn their perspectives on the work they do, what they find most rewarding, and what drives their passion for helping injured employees on their path to recovery. We look forward to introducing you to a few of our clinicians in each issue—stay tuned to learn more about the people making a difference at IOH!

Community Engagement

IOH is proud to be an active part of the workers’ compensation community. This Spring, our team was on the move—attending conferences, collaborating with thought leaders in panel discussions, and industry gatherings across the country. These events give us the opportunity to engage with colleagues, clients, and friends, and to stay connected to the ever-evolving landscape of care, claims, and collaboration. Here are a few snapshots from the past quarter. Look for us at an upcoming event—and if you see us, come say hello! We’d love to connect with you.

Learn more about our services

References

  1. Mayo Clinic Diet. “Picked at Their Peak: The Benefits of Buying Seasonal Produce.” Mayo Clinic Diet, Mayo Clinic Diet, 23 Nov. 2022, https://diet.mayoclinic.org/us/blog/2022/picked-at-their-peak-the-benefits-of-buying-seasonal-produce/. Accessed 8 Oct. 2024.
  2. Cleveland Clinic Nutrition Blog. “6 Major Health Benefits of Pumpkin.” Cleveland Clinic, 6 June 2022, https://health.clevelandclinic.org/truth-about-the-great-pumpkin-its-good-for-you. Accessed 8 Oct. 2024.
  3. Mayo Clinic Diet. “10 Great Health Foods.” Mayo Clinic, 28 Mar. 2024, https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/10-great-health-foods/art-20546837. Accessed 29 Oct. 2024.
  4. Cleveland Clinic Nutrition Blog. “6 Health Benefits of Squash.” Cleveland Clinic, 30 Mar. 2023, https://health.clevelandclinic.org/benefits-of-squash. Accessed 29 Oct. 2024.
  5. Eating Well. “5 Fall Superfoods to Support Your Immune System during Cold and Flu Season.” EatingWell, 2021, https://www.eatingwell.com/article/7918735/fall-superfoods-to-support-your-immune-system/. Accessed 28 Oct. 2024.
  6. Cleveland Clinic Nutrition Blog. “Best Fruits to Eat: A Dietitian’s Picks.” Cleveland Clinic, 10 Nov. 2022, https://health.clevelandclinic.org/fruits-that-deserve-the-buzz-your-dietitians-picks. Accessed 8 Oct. 2024.

Pack Your Summer Picnic Basket With Purpose

Leafy Greens (Spinach & Kale)

These nutrient-dense greens are loaded with antioxidants, vitamins A and K, and fiber. A perfect base for any refreshing dish, such as a healthy salad or wrap.

Berries (Blueberries, Strawberries, Cherries)

Berries are rich in anthocyanins—powerful compounds that fight inflammation and oxidative stress. Toss them in a salad or enjoy them as a sweet snack.

Watermelon (Our Summer MVP!)

This hydrating fruit is 92% water and packed with lycopene and vitamin C. It’s cooling, refreshing, and a natural inflammation fighter. Very yummy and refreshing on a hot summer day!

Grilled Salmon or Tuna

Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, these cold-water fish help reduce inflammatory markers and support brain and heart health—great as a main dish or cold salad.

Nuts & Seeds (Almonds, Walnuts, Pepitas)

Nuts are crunchy, satisfying, and packed with healthy fats, magnesium, and antioxidants. Nuts are an excellent choice for summer activities, so portable! Keep a handful on hand for a perfect picnic snack.

Broccoli

A cruciferous superstar, broccoli offers sulforaphane, a plant compound with impressive anti-inflammatory effects. Great raw, grilled, or lightly steamed.

Turmeric, Ginger & Dill (in Tea or Dressing)

Steep them and make iced herbal teas, blend into a vinaigrette, or swirl into yogurt for a tangy Greek (tzatziki-style) dressing. All three of these herbs are known for their anti-inflammatory and digestive-supporting benefits.

Cherry Tomatoes

Tomatoes are bursting with flavor and benefits! Sweet and tangy, they are rich in lycopene and vitamin C to help fight inflammation and boost your glow. They’re versatile and delicious when sliced, skewered, or tossed with other vegetables.

Red & Green Bell Peppers

These colorful crunchers are rich in vitamin C and carotenoids, which help reduce inflammation and support immune health. Cut them into bite-sized strips for a cool and crunchy snack.

Cucumbers

Crisp, cooling, and composed mostly of water, cucumbers are a low-calorie hydrating powerhouse. Enjoy them sliced with hummus or layered into sandwiches for some extra crunch.

Zucchini & Summer Squash

These versatile veggies are rich in antioxidants and vitamin A. Whether grilled, spiralized, or tossed raw into salads, they’re a delicious way to support healthy inflammation levels while keeping meals light and refreshing.

Plain Greek Yogurt

A great source of probiotics and protein. Use it as a base for dips, dressings, or even a healthy dessert with berries and a drizzle of honey.

🌞 Closing Bite

This summer, don’t just eat seasonally—eat purposefully! Whether you’re recovering from an injury or just trying to stay energized in the heat, these foods offer a refreshing way to fight inflammation and feel your best. So go ahead—pack that basket with color, flavor, and intention. Enjoy!

References

  1. Rdn, S. B. (2025, April 24). Want to reduce chronic inflammation? Start with your grocery list. Mayo Clinic Health System. https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/want-to-ease-chronic-inflammation

  2. Clinic, C. (2025, April 22). 4 Health benefits of anthocyanins. Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/anthocyanins

  3. Howland, J. (2024, May 24). Mayo Clinic Minute: Tips for safer picnics. Mayo Clinic News Network. https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-minute-tips-for-safer-picnics/

  4. Weiss, C. (2023, January 31). Mayo Clinic Q and A: Turmeric for healthier diet, pain relief. Mayo Clinic News Network. https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-turmeric-for-healthier-diet-pain-relief/

  5. Chappell, M. M. (2022, June 6). In-Season Produce: your guide to summer vegetables and fruits. Forks Over Knives. https://www.forksoverknives.com/how-tos/in-season-produce-guide-summer-vegetables-fruits/

  6. 10 great health foods. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/10-great-health-foods/art-20546837

References

  1. Rdn, M. B. (2025, March 18). 6 Anti-Inflammatory foods to stock up on this spring, according to dietitians. EatingWell. 
    https://www.eatingwell.com/anti-inflammatory-foods-to-stock-up-on-this-spring-11696622
  2. Rider, E. (2025, March 11). 10 Spring Foods & How To Use Them. Elizabeth Rider – Modern Healthy Living. 
    https://www.elizabethrider.com/spring-foods/
  3. Chappell, M. M. (2025, March 14). In-Season Produce: your guide to spring vegetables and fruits. Forks Over Knives. 
    https://www.forksoverknives.com/how-tos/spring-season-vegetables-fruits-guide/
  4. Robbins, O. (2025, March 13). Top 10 spring vegetables and fruits for a healthy season. Food Revolution Network. 
    https://foodrevolution.org/blog/spring-vegetables-fruits/
  5. Murfin, K. (2022, March 21). How to choose the best spring vegetables and fruits. MD Anderson Cancer Center. 
    https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/how-to-pick-the-best-spring-produce.h00-159538167.html

Spring Superfoods for Health & Healing

Arugula

Arugula is packed with vitamins A, K, and folate, and it’s a great way to reduce inflammation while hydrating your body. Add it to your salads, bowls, or smoothies for a fresh, peppery kick that supports your health with every bite.

Artichokes

Artichokes are rich in folic acid, vitamin C, and B vitamins, making them perfect for detoxification and boosting metabolism. Keep it simple—boil them, dip in garlic-infused olive oil, and enjoy the health benefits they bring.

Asparagus

Asparagus is a powerhouse of vitamin K and antioxidants. It nourishes your heart and bones while also helping to prevent cancer. Sauté it with garlic and extra virgin olive oil for a nutrient-dense side dish that embodies the freshness of spring.

Beets

Beets help with circulation, detoxification, and stamina—making them an ideal choice for recovery. Roast them, juice them, or spiralize them to enjoy their earthy sweetness and health benefits in any meal.

Carrots

Carrots are packed with vitamin A and antioxidants, which support healthy skin, hair, and nails. Enjoy them raw, chopped into salads, or spiralized for a healthy pasta alternative—there’s no wrong way to eat them.

Mint

Mint is more than just a refreshing herb. It helps soothe digestion, reduce allergy symptoms, and act as a natural decongestant. Add it to your water or smoothies, or use it as a garnish to enhance your dishes with a burst of freshness.

Peas

Peas are an excellent anti-inflammatory food, full of vitamins, minerals, and protein. They’re perfect for tossing into stir-fries, salads, or soups, or even enjoying as a simple snack.

Strawberries

Strawberries are packed with antioxidants that help balance blood sugar and support your immune system. Fresh, frozen, or drizzled with dark chocolate, they’re the perfect treat to satisfy your cravings while nourishing your body.

Spring Onions

These vibrant onions are full of polyphenols and flavonoids, which fight oxidative stress and support disease prevention. Use them raw in salads or caramelized as a side dish—either way, they’ll add flavor and health benefits to your meal.

Radishes

Radishes are fantastic detoxifiers, cleansing the stomach and liver while also supporting hydration and skin health. Slice them thin for a refreshing salad, roast them for a savory twist, or add them to your favorite quinoa dish.

By adding these seasonal spring foods to your meals, you’re not just eating—you’re nourishing your body with the nutrients it needs to heal and thrive. Eating fresh, local produce is one of the simplest ways to support your health and recovery. Head to your local farmer’s market and experience the true taste of spring—your body will thank you!

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A Full Spectrum of Whole Foods To Boost Your Health This Fall

As the fall season brings cooler weather and holiday celebrations, it’s the perfect time to focus on the wide variety of nutrient-rich whole foods available. Health and prevention thrive on a diverse diet, emphasizing plant-based ingredients, fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, and legumes. Whether preparing holiday dishes or everyday meals, these foods can be easily integrated into your diet for long-term health benefits.

Seasonal Stars: Elevating Holiday Dishes with Fall’s Freshest Vegetables
  • Pumpkin and Winter Squash: Rich in beta-carotene, fiber, and vitamin A, pumpkins and squashes like butternut and acorn are ideal for soups, casseroles, and even desserts. Their nutrients support eye health, immune function, and digestive wellness.
  • Brussels Sprouts: Packed with vitamin C, vitamin K, and fiber, Brussels sprouts are an excellent side dish during the holidays. Roasted with olive oil and herbs, they provide a delicious, nutrient-dense option that supports immune function and bone health.
  • Sweet Potatoes: These are a holiday favorite, often featured in dishes like sweet potato casserole. For a healthier option, try roasting them hasselback-style with olive oil, sage, garlic and a sprinkling of sea salt. Rich in beta-carotene, fiber, and potassium, sweet potatoes contribute to heart health and provide a steady source of energy.
Nuts, Seeds, and Legumes: Essential for a Plant-Based Diet
  • Walnuts and Almonds: These nuts are nutrient powerhouses, offering omega-3 fatty acids, protein, and antioxidants. They’re perfect for adding crunch to salads or baking in holiday cookies​.
  • Pumpkin Seeds: A byproduct of pumpkin use, these seeds are rich in magnesium, zinc, and healthy fats, making them a great addition to salads, bread, or even roasted on their own​.
  • Legumes (Lentils, Chickpeas, Beans): High in fiber, protein, and essential vitamins, legumes are a great plant-based protein option for soups, stews, and side dishes. Including these in holiday meals ensures a filling, nutritious boost​.
Incorporating a Variety of Fruits:
  • Pears and Apples: Pears and apples provide fiber, antioxidants, and a range of vitamins. They’re perfect for desserts or salads, supporting heart health and digestion.
  • Cranberries: A seasonal favorite, cranberries can be used in sauces, baked goods, or salads. They’re rich in antioxidants and known for supporting urinary tract health.

You can support long-term health and wellness by incorporating a variety of nutrient-rich vegetables, fruits, seeds, nuts, and legumes into your holiday meals and daily diet. Whether you’re roasting Brussels sprouts, baking sweet potatoes, or adding walnuts and cranberries to a festive dish, these foods will enhance your seasonal recipes and provide essential nutrients for a balanced, heart-healthy diet. This fall, celebrate the season by nourishing your body with nature’s most wholesome ingredients and enjoy the benefits they bring all year.

References

  1. Bakmann, L., Norup, A., & Forchhammer, B. H. (2019). Hit in the Heart of Life: How Meeting Like-Minded Peers May Contribute to Psychosocial Recovery of Adolescents and Young Adults With Acquired Brain Injury. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 521. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00521
  2. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
  3. Bruns, D., & Disorbio, J. M. (2009). Assessment of Biopsychosocial Risk Factors for Medical Treatment: A Collaborative Approach. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 16(2), 127–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-009-9148-9
  4. Charuvastra, A., & Cloitre, M. (2008). Social Bonds and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Annual Review of Psychology, 59(1), 301–328. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085650
  5. Duenas, M., Ojeda, B., Salazar, A., Mico, J. A., & Failde, I. (2016). A review of chronic pain impact on patients, their social environment and the health care system. Journal of Pain Research, Volume 9, 457–467. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S105892
  6. Engel, G. L. (1977). The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.847460
  7. Fisher, H. M., Stalls, J., Winger, J. G., Miller, S. N., Plumb Vilardaga, J. C., Majestic, C., Kelleher, S. A., & Somers, T. J. (2023). Role of self-efficacy for pain management and pain catastrophizing in the relationship between pain severity and depressive symptoms in women with breast cancer and pain. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 41(1), 87–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2022.2046676
  8. Gable, S. L., & Bedrov, A. (2022). Social isolation and social support in good times and bad times. Current Opinion in Psychology, 44, 89–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.027
  9. Haslam, C., Jetten, J., Cruwys, T., Dingle, G. A., & Haslam, S. A. (2018). The New Psychology of Health: Unlocking the Social Cure (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315648569
  10. Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8
  11. Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010). Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316
  12. Kersey, J., McCue, M., & Skidmore, E. (2020). Domains and dimensions of community participation following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 34(6), 708–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2020.1757153
  13. McCauley, S. R., Boake, C., Levin, H. S., Contant, C. F., & Song, J. X. (2001). Postconcussional Disorder Following Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: Anxiety, Depression, and Social Support as Risk Factors and Comorbidities. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 23(6), 792–808. https://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.23.6.792.1016
  14. Necaise, A., & Amon, M. J. (2024). Peer Support for Chronic Pain in Online Health Communities: Quantitative Study on the Dynamics of Social Interactions in a Chronic Pain Forum. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e45858. https://doi.org/10.2196/45858
  15. Office of the Surgeon General (OSG). (2023). Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation: The U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory on the Healing Effects of Social Connection and Community. US Department of Health and Human Services. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595227/
  16. Otero-Ketterer, E., Peñacoba-Puente, C., Ferreira Pinheiro-Araujo, C., Valera-Calero, J. A., & Ortega-Santiago, R. (2022). Biopsychosocial Factors for Chronicity in Individuals with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: An Umbrella Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10145. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610145
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  18. Solé, E., Racine, M., Tomé-Pires, C., Galán, S., Jensen, M. P., & Miró, J. (2020). Social Factors, Disability, and Depressive Symptoms in Adults With Chronic Pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 36(5), 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000815
  19. Sullivan, K. A. (2023). Recovery after traumatic brain injury: An integrative review of the role of social factors on postinjury outcomes. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 30(6), 772–779. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2022.2070021
  20. Tomova, L., Wang, K. L., Thompson, T., Matthews, G. A., Takahashi, A., Tye, K. M., & Saxe, R. (2020). Acute social isolation evokes midbrain craving responses similar to hunger. Nature Neuroscience, 23(12), 1597–1605. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-00742-z
  21. Vodovotz, Y., Barnard, N., Hu, F. B., Jakicic, J., Lianov, L., Loveland, D., Buysse, D., Szigethy, E., Finkel, T., Sowa, G., Verschure, P., Williams, K., Sanchez, E., Dysinger, W., Maizes, V., Junker, C., Phillips, E., Katz, D., Drant, S., … Parkinson, M. D. (2020). Prioritized Research for the Prevention, Treatment, and Reversal of Chronic Disease: Recommendations From the Lifestyle Medicine Research Summit. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 585744. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.585744 

References

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  2.  Shella TA. Art therapy improves mood, and reduces pain and anxiety when offered at bedside during acute hospital treatment. Arts Psychother. 2018;57: 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2017.10.003.
  3.  Shim M, Johnson RB, Gasson S, Goodill S, Jermyn R, Bradt J. A model of dance/movement therapy for resilience-building in people living with chronic pain. Eur J Integr Med. 2017;9:27–40. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.eujim.2017.01.011.
  4. Larsen D, Stege R, Kind R, Egeli N. The hope collage activity: an arts-based group intervention for people with chronic pain. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling. 2018;461-16. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03069885.2018.1453046
  5. Walker, M. S., Stamper, A. M., Nathan, D. E., & Riedy, G. (2018). Art therapy and underlying fMRI brain patterns in military TBI: A case series. International Journal of Art Therapy, 23(4), 180–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/17454832.2018.1473453
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  7. O’Neill, A., & Moss, H. (2015). A Community Art Therapy Group for Adults With Chronic Pain. Art Therapy, 32(4), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2015.1091642
  8. Hass-Cohen, N., Bokoch, R., Goodman, K., & McAnuff, J. (2022). Art Therapy Drawing Protocols for Chronic Pain: Qualitative Findings From a Mixed-Method Pilot Study. Art Therapy, 39(4), 182–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2022.2085491

Embrace the Rainbow For More Phytonutrients!

Summer presents a prime opportunity for embracing healthier eating habits, especially beneficial for those managing chronic pain. This season offers an abundance of vibrant fruits and vegetables rich in phytonutrients—natural compounds known for their antioxidant properties, which support overall health and help reduce inflammation. Let’s embark on a delicious journey towards better health and function!

“Eating the rainbow” entails consuming a diverse array of colorful produce, each color group offering unique health benefits:

  • Red Fruits and Vegetables: Rich in lycopene, a carotenoid known for its potent anti-inflammatory effects (Smith et al., 2019).
    • Examples: Strawberries, tomatoes, cherries, red bell peppers.
  • Orange and Yellow Fruits and Vegetables: A source of beta-cryptoxanthin, a precursor to Vitamin A and a powerful antioxidant that also supports cell-cell communication (Burri BJ., Adams & White, 2020).
    • Examples: Carrots, sweet potatoes, oranges, mangoes.
  • Green Fruits and Vegetables: Rich in sulforaphane, isothiocyanates, and indoles, compounds that aid in reducing inflammation (Brown & Green, 2017).
    • Examples: Spinach, kale, broccoli, avocados.
  • Blue and Purple Fruits and Vegetables: Contains protective flavonoids called anthocyanins, which reduce inflammation and promote healthy cellular metabolism (Jones et al., 2016).
    • Examples: Blueberries, blackberries, grapes, plums.
  • White and Brown Fruits and Vegetables: Contain allicin, an organosulfur compound known for its protective anti-inflammatory properties that can help manage pain (Miller & Smith, 2018).
    • Examples: Onions, garlic, mushrooms.

Fun and Flavorful Self-Management

Eating an abundance of colorful fruits and vegetables supports sustainable pain management and enhances the microbiome to improve gut-brain health and function. The compounds contained in these foods are known for their protective anti-inflammatory properties and support innate antioxidant defenses, which are crucial for health and sustained function (Smith et al., 2019; Adams & White, 2020; Brown & Green, 2017; Jones et al., 2016). Research demonstrates a strong connection between gut health and brain function, suggesting that a diet rich in these phytonutrients improves cognitive function and mood regulation (Miller & Smith, 2018). These foods promote physical well-being and a healthy gut-brain axis, enhancing overall health and vitality.

The abundant availability of these foods during summer invites experimentation to improve nutrient intake that can help manage chronic pain while enjoying delicious meals. Incorporate them into various recipes and meal combinations to maximize health benefits and flavor.

Try Chef Denise’s Watermelon Ceviche

References
  1. Adams, L., & White, J. (2020). Beta-cryptoxanthin and inflammation. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78(3), 517S-523S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.3.517S
  2. Burri BJ, La Frano MR, Zhu C. Absorption, metabolism, and functions of β-cryptoxanthin. Nutr Rev. 2016 Feb;74(2):69-82. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv064. Epub 2016 Jan 7. PMID: 26747887; PMCID: PMC4892306.
  3. Brown, A., & Green, B. (2017). Sulforaphane and chronic inflammation. Cancer Prevention Research, 3(2), 170–178. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-17-0105
  4. Jones, R., et al. (2016). Anthocyanins and chronic pain. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 326, 120-128. doi:10.1155/2016/326
  5. Miller, C., & Smith, D. (2018). Allicin and inflammation. Journal of Functional Foods, 12(3), 45–52. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.003
  6. Smith, E., et al. (2019). Lycopene and inflammation. Journal of Nutrition, 135(6), 143–148. doi:10.1093/jn/135.6.143